Seeing today’s technology, we have been greatly assisted by sophisticated technology regarding devices such as laptops, cellphones, servers, which are certainly used very often on a daily basis. Talking about technology, we will discuss the function of a unique number line that is used as the identity of each device that we use, especially to connect to the internet, namely Ipv. So, what’s the difference from the previous version, namely IPv4, so what are the advantages of IPv6? Let’s look at the following discussion.
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IPV6 explanation
IPv6 is an IP address that already uses a 128 bit system. Therefore it will be composed of a combination of numbers and letters totaling 8, each of which represents a binary number of 16 decimal places. Let’s take the example of IPv6 2001:db8:3333:4444:CCCC:DDDD:EEEE:FFFF. Of course the form of IPv6 is very different from the IPv4 we used to use.
This 128 bit system allows many IPv6 combinations up to 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 IP addresses. Therefore IPv6 can help overcome the limitations of the IPv4 combination.
IPv6 is expected to completely replace IPv4 in the future. One of the reasons why is because IPv4 has a very limited combination of only 4.29 billion IP address combinations. This number may seem very large, but if you look at the development of device technology and the number of existing websites, it is very likely that IPv4 will run out.
Many websites and devices still use IPv4. According to a survey, the number of IPv6 users has reached 35% worldwide. Where this technology has not completely replaced IPv4 which is still the standard device and website in the world today.
Did you know that previously something called ipv5 was created which this technology was not implemented because it was still not much different from ipv4.
History of IPV6
Talking about the history of the creation of IPv6, we need to look at the previous version, namely version 4 or known as IPv4 first, which still uses data as wide as 32 bits. Where these 32 bits can address a maximum of 2 to the power of 32 devices. Which only includes 4,294,697,296 active internet ID devices, these devices also include computers, laptops, printers, smartphones, and other devices that use a connection with a TCP/IP network.
It is predicted that in the future there will be a tendency to use IP on a large scale which has already happened in Japan where almost every household appliance has its own IP address which creates a smart home community.
Judging from this trend, this trend will be increasingly widespread considering that developed countries such as the United States, to countries in Europe are also implementing IPv4. Judging from the data in 2010 only 25.6% used the internet and needed 3 times the number of IPs currently in use so that all of them could reach the internet.
With the fear that Ipv4 would run out, the experts continued to create Ipv6 in 1996. In general, IPv6 provides a lot of IP addresses compared to Ipv4, namely up to 2^128 (two to the power of one hundred and twenty eight) or approximately 340,282,366,920,938,463. 463.374.607.431.768.211.456 IP address.
Difference between IPv4 and IPv6
Previously we discussed Ipv6, which we know that this type of IP address is the newest version of Ipv4. Now, let’s talk about both of them.
The most striking difference can be seen in the size and format. Where IPv4 usually uses numbers only, the address is a set of 4 numbers each representing 8 bits. Which IPv6 uses numbers and letters, this address is a combination of letters and numbers, each part of which represents 16 bits.
IPv4 is 32 bits, while IPv6 is 128 bits. Apart from format and size, other differences are in speed and security. It is superior in matters of security because IP security (IPSec) has complemented this newest IP address protocol. IPSec is a series of protocols that guarantee the security of communication between IP addresses. This protocol was not available in IPv4 before.
Judging from Akamai’s study, it shows that websites or devices that use IPv6 are much faster to access than IPv4. Observations from Facebook’s Engineering also stated the same thing that IPv6 had better performance than IPv4.
Advantages of IPv6
Some of the advantages of IPv6 compared to IPv4 include:
Faster
One of the advantages of IPv6 is speed. This might happen because IPv6 no longer relies on NAT or Network Address Translation to access data like the previous version. IPv6 can access data directly to the network and can make the data exchange process faster. Which Ipv6 is very suitable for use for mobile devices that prioritize speed.
More effective
IPv6 routing table size is much less than IPv4. Therefore the routing process is much more organized, fast, and effective. In addition, it can also send much better data to multiple destinations at once. This division is called multicast, which makes bandwidth more efficient.
High level security
IPv6 is known to have better encryption capabilities. Which can counteract Address Resolution Protocol or ARP attacks which can attack websites that can methodically manipulate and redirect their traffic.
Easier configuration
You can manage this network no longer need to manually configure the IP address of each device.
Which all IP address configurations can run automatically making it more practical and easy.
Address Type In IPv6
In the previous IP, namely IPv4, it still uses a broadcast address which has been removed in IPv6 which is considered to be a burden on the network as a whole, especially in a network domain that has a large number of hosts. This broadcast function has been replaced with multicast where there are 3 types of multicast in IPv6 namely:
- Unicast
Unicast is used to identify a single interface. In which a packet addressed to a unicast address is then sent to the interface that has the unicast address.
- Multicast
Multicast addresses are used to identify a collection of multiple interfaces, so that if there is a packet intended for a multicast address, it will be sent to all interfaces identified by the multicast address. Multicast addresses are used for communications originating from one to many interfaces.
- Anycast
The anycast address is used to identify a group or several interfaces, but if something is sent to an anycast address, it will be sent to one of the closest interfaces from a certain set of interfaces.
Comparison Between IPV4 and IPV6
Previously, we discussed a little about the difference between IPv4 and IPv6, where the following is the difference between the IPv4 and IPv6 mechanisms.
IPV4 and IPV6 mechanisms
IPv4 which has been proven to be tough, which is easy to implement and operate, and has passed scalability tests in internet networks that are used globally so far.
Basically IPv6 was developed because there were things that were not anticipated while IPv4 was made the standard routing protocol in 1981 (RCF 791). IPv4 has been proven to be tough, easy to implement and operate, and has gone through scalability tests in internet networks that are used globally until now. However, the IPv4 design does not anticipate the rapid development of internet networks, some of which are:
- For Ipv4 it is as follows:
- The provisional number of available IPv4 addresses will not be sufficient.
- The need for a simpler configuration as well as security at the internet protocol level.
- Services are only best effort so that better QoS is needed.
- While IPv6 is designed to fix the above problems, such as:
- The header format is simpler
- Larger address space (128 bits)
- More effective and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure.
- There is a standing address configuration option.
- Better security and QoS.
- and others.
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