What Is Meant by Routing? have you ever heard the term routing? Perhaps the most familiar of these activities is routing to the packet-switching network used for the Internet. To be able to route the internet, you need a device called a router. maybe those who use Wi-Fi at home with a monthly subscription will know about this.
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Table of Contents
Routing Explanation
The first thing you need to know if you want to learn about What Is Meant by Routing?
Actually, if explained briefly routing is a process carried out by layer 3 (or network layer) devices to send data packets by choosing the optimal path from one network to another.
The network that carries the data packets, or packet-switching network, often uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to transfer data to its destination.
Routing Configuration Type
To carry out the routing process, there are 2 types of routing which have different uses and information as well, the two types of routing configurations are static routing or static routing and also dynamic routing or dynamic routing.
1. Static Routing
The first is static routing. Network administrators use static routing, or non-adaptive routing, to determine routes when there is a single route or preferred routes for traffic to reach a destination. Static routing uses a small routing table with only one entry for each destination. It also requires less computation time than dynamic routing because each route is pre-configured.
Because static routing is preconfigured, administrators must manually reconfigure routes to adapt to changes in the network as they occur. Static routing is generally used in networks where the administrator does not expect any changes and the network is already patent and will not be changed again.
2. Dynamic Routing
While the second is dynamic routing which is sometimes called adaptive routing, it is more complex than static routing because it creates more possible routes to send packets through the network. Dynamic routing is typically used in larger, streamlined networks where static routing will be cumbersome to maintain and reconfigured frequently. Because dynamic routing is more complicated, it consumes more bandwidth than static routing.
Dynamic routing uses useful algorithms to calculate several possible routes and determine the best path for traffic to travel through a network. It uses two kinds of complex algorithms: distance vector protocol and link state protocol.
Both distance vector and link state protocols create routing tables within the router that include entries for every possible network destination, network group, or specific subnet. Each entry determines which network connection is used to send the received packets.
Difference between Static Routing and Dynamic Routing
At first glance, these two routing configurations are different. Judging from the topology, static routing and dynamic routing already have differences because dynamic routing has a fairly complex network. But, that’s not the only difference between the two.
Here are the differences between static routing and dynamic routing that you need to know:
- Path selection
Static routing uses one pre-configured route to send traffic to its destination, while dynamic routing provides multiple available routes to a destination.
- Ability to update routes
The network administrator must manually reconfigure the static route to suit the route. Dynamic routing uses an algorithm to update automatically with desired route changes.
- Routing table
Static routing has smaller routing tables with only one entry for each destination, whereas dynamic routing requires routers to submit their entire routing table to identify available routes.
- Use of protocols and algorithms
Static routing does not use complex routing protocols or algorithms. Dynamic routing uses distance vector protocols, such as RIP and IGRP, and link state protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS, to tailor routes.
- Calculation and bandwidth requirements
Static routing requires less computing power and bandwidth, because it only has one pre-configured route. Dynamic routing requires more computation and bandwidth to generate multiple possible routes.
Types of Routing Algorithms
The routing algorithm makes decisions about the best path for data to be carried to its destination. When making this decision one will consider factors such as the size of the data packet and the required destination.
Each data packet has a header that contains important destination information. The router algorithm will look at the destination header and determine the route to send the packet. This is very similar to having a plane ticket that contains a destination. Tickets are checked and passengers are directed to the correct aircraft for that purpose.
There are two routing algorithms that you need to know, including:
1. Adaptive
Adaptive routing algorithms also have algorithms in which a routing decision is made based on network traffic and topology. The parameters used in the adaptive routing algorithm are distance, hops, estimated transit time and number.
Adaptive routing algorithms are of three types, namely:
- Centralized algorithm
- Isolation algorithm
- Distributed algorithm
2. Non Adaptive
Non-adaptive routing algorithms have algorithms in which a routing decision is not made based on network traffic and topology. This algorithm is used by static routing. Non-adaptive routing algorithms are arguably simpler compared to adaptive routing algorithms in terms of complexity.
Non-adaptive routing algorithms are of two types −
- Flooding
- Random walks
Routing Function
If you imagine what is meant by routing, is how connected devices can be connected to the internet and also connected to one another, you are not wrong, because that is one of the most common routing functions to know.
We use routers to send information between networks, so if a device needs to talk outside of its network, say it needs to access Google, then it sends a request to its default gateway. Chances are that the local gateway or router won’t know where Google is so it sends a request to its local gateway.
Eventually the request finds a router that knows where Google is and the information is returned to the requester it came from.
How Routing Works
Data travels along any network in the form of data packets. Each data packet has a header which contains information about the packet’s intended destination. As a packet travels to its destination, some routers may route it multiple times. Routers do this process millions of times every second with millions of packets.
When a data packet arrives, the router first looks up its address in the routing table. This is similar to a passenger consulting a bus schedule to find the best bus route to their destination. Then the router forwards or moves the packet to the next point in the network.
For example, when you visit a website from a computer on your office network, data packets first go to the office network router. The router looks for packet headers and determines the packet’s destination. It then searches its internal table and forwards the packet either to the next router or to another device, such as a printer on the network itself.
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